N & E

Napoléon & Empire

Louis-Etienne Saint-Denis, known as the Mameluk Ali

Louis-Etienne Saint-Denis, known as the Mameluk Ali

Louis-Etienne Saint-Denis, known as the Mameluk Ali - Photograph

Authors

Didier Grau

Lionel A. Bouchon

This page was written by Didier Grau, Doctor of Medicine, 13008 Marseille, France and Lionel A. Bouchon, Pharmacist, IT specialist. 74540 Gruffy. France. The two of them founded the Napoléon et Empire website in 2008 and have run it together ever since. Their research focuses in particular on the precise location of Napoleonic sites of memory.

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Published on: August 25th, 2026

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Last modified on: August 25th, 2026

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